IDisposable 인터페이스

정의

public interface class IDisposable

public interface IDisposable

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public interface IDisposable

type IDisposable = interface

[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type IDisposable = interface

Public Interface IDisposable

파생

Microsoft.Extensions.AI.AdditionalPropertiesDictionary<TValue>.Enumerator

Microsoft.Extensions.AI.DelegatingChatClient

Microsoft.Extensions.AI.DelegatingEmbeddingGenerator<TInput,TEmbedding>

Microsoft.Extensions.AI.DelegatingHostedFileClient

Microsoft.Extensions.AI.DelegatingImageGenerator

자세히…

특성

ComVisibleAttribute

예제

다음 예제에서는 인터페이스를 구현하는 리소스 클래스를 만드는 방법을 보여 줍니다 IDisposable .

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

// The following example demonstrates how to create
// a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
// and the IDisposable.Dispose method.

public class DisposeExample
{
    // A base class that implements IDisposable.
    // By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
    // instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
    public class MyResource: IDisposable
    {
        // Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
        private IntPtr handle;
        // Other managed resource this class uses.
        private Component component = new Component();
        // Track whether Dispose has been called.
        private bool disposed = false;

        // The class constructor.
        public MyResource(IntPtr handle)
        {
            this.handle = handle;
        }

        // Implement IDisposable.
        // Do not make this method virtual.
        // A derived class should not be able to override this method.
        public void Dispose()
        {
            Dispose(disposing: true);
            // This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
            // Therefore, you should call GC.SuppressFinalize to
            // take this object off the finalization queue
            // and prevent finalization code for this object
            // from executing a second time.
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }

        // Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
        // If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
        // or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
        // can be disposed.
        // If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
        // runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
        // other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
        protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            // Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
            if(!this.disposed)
            {
                // If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
                // and unmanaged resources.
                if(disposing)
                {
                    // Dispose managed resources.
                    component.Dispose();
                }

                // Call the appropriate methods to clean up
                // unmanaged resources here.
                // If disposing is false,
                // only the following code is executed.
                CloseHandle(handle);
                handle = IntPtr.Zero;

                // Note disposing has been done.
                disposed = true;
            }
        }

        // Use interop to call the method necessary
        // to clean up the unmanaged resource.
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")]
        private extern static Boolean CloseHandle(IntPtr handle);

        // Use C# finalizer syntax for finalization code.
        // This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
        // does not get called.
        // It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
        // Do not provide finalizer in types derived from this class.
        ~MyResource()
        {
            // Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
            // Calling Dispose(disposing: false) is optimal in terms of
            // readability and maintainability.
            Dispose(disposing: false);
        }
    }
    public static void Main()
    {
        // Insert code here to create
        // and use the MyResource object.
    }
}

// The following example demonstrates how to create
// a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
// and the IDisposable.Dispose method.
open System
open System.ComponentModel
open System.Runtime.InteropServices

// Use interop to call the method necessary
// to clean up the unmanaged resource.
[<DllImport "Kernel32">]
extern Boolean CloseHandle(nativeint handle)

// A base class that implements IDisposable.
// By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
// instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
type MyResource(handle: nativeint) =
    // Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
    let mutable handle = handle

    // Other managed resource this class uses.
    let comp = new Component()
    
    // Track whether Dispose has been called.
    let mutable disposed = false

    // Implement IDisposable.
    // Do not make this method virtual.
    // A derived class should not be able to override this method.
    interface IDisposable with
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            // This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
            // Therefore, you should call GC.SuppressFinalize to
            // take this object off the finalization queue
            // and prevent finalization code for this object
            // from executing a second time.
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
    // If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
    // or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
    // can be disposed.
    // If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
    // runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
    // other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        // Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
        if not disposed then
            // If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
            // and unmanaged resources.
            if disposing then
                // Dispose managed resources.
                comp.Dispose()

            // Call the appropriate methods to clean up
            // unmanaged resources here.
            // If disposing is false,
            // only the following code is executed.
            CloseHandle handle |> ignore
            handle <- IntPtr.Zero

            // Note disposing has been done.
            disposed <- true


    // This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
    // does not get called.
    // It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
    // Do not provide finalizer in types derived from this class.
    override this.Finalize() =
        // Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
        // Calling Dispose(disposing: false) is optimal in terms of
        // readability and maintainability.
        this.Dispose false

Imports System.ComponentModel

' The following example demonstrates how to create
' a resource class that implements the IDisposable interface
' and the IDisposable.Dispose method.
Public Class DisposeExample

   ' A class that implements IDisposable.
   ' By implementing IDisposable, you are announcing that
   ' instances of this type allocate scarce resources.
   Public Class MyResource
      Implements IDisposable
      ' Pointer to an external unmanaged resource.
      Private handle As IntPtr
      ' Other managed resource this class uses.
      Private component As component
      ' Track whether Dispose has been called.
      Private disposed As Boolean = False

      ' The class constructor.
      Public Sub New(ByVal handle As IntPtr)
         Me.handle = handle
      End Sub

      ' Implement IDisposable.
      ' Do not make this method virtual.
      ' A derived class should not be able to override this method.
      Public Overloads Sub Dispose() Implements IDisposable.Dispose
         Dispose(disposing:=True)
         ' This object will be cleaned up by the Dispose method.
         ' Therefore, you should call GC.SupressFinalize to
         ' take this object off the finalization queue
         ' and prevent finalization code for this object
         ' from executing a second time.
         GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
      End Sub

      ' Dispose(bool disposing) executes in two distinct scenarios.
      ' If disposing equals true, the method has been called directly
      ' or indirectly by a user's code. Managed and unmanaged resources
      ' can be disposed.
      ' If disposing equals false, the method has been called by the
      ' runtime from inside the finalizer and you should not reference
      ' other objects. Only unmanaged resources can be disposed.
      Protected Overridable Overloads Sub Dispose(ByVal disposing As Boolean)
         ' Check to see if Dispose has already been called.
         If Not Me.disposed Then
            ' If disposing equals true, dispose all managed
            ' and unmanaged resources.
            If disposing Then
               ' Dispose managed resources.
               component.Dispose()
            End If

            ' Call the appropriate methods to clean up
            ' unmanaged resources here.
            ' If disposing is false,
            ' only the following code is executed.
            CloseHandle(handle)
            handle = IntPtr.Zero

            ' Note disposing has been done.
            disposed = True

         End If
      End Sub

      ' Use interop to call the method necessary
      ' to clean up the unmanaged resource.
      <System.Runtime.InteropServices.DllImport("Kernel32")> _
      Private Shared Function CloseHandle(ByVal handle As IntPtr) As [Boolean]
      End Function

      ' This finalizer will run only if the Dispose method
      ' does not get called.
      ' It gives your base class the opportunity to finalize.
      ' Do not provide finalize methods in types derived from this class.
      Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
         ' Do not re-create Dispose clean-up code here.
         ' Calling Dispose(disposing:=False) is optimal in terms of
         ' readability and maintainability.
         Dispose(disposing:=False)
         MyBase.Finalize()
      End Sub
   End Class

   Public Shared Sub Main()
      ' Insert code here to create
      ' and use the MyResource object.
   End Sub

End Class

설명

인터페이스의 IDisposable 기본 사용은 관리되지 않는 리소스를 해제하는 것입니다. 가비지 수집기는 해당 개체가 더 이상 사용되지 않을 때 관리되는 개체에 할당된 메모리를 자동으로 해제합니다. 그러나 가비지 수집이 발생할 시기를 예측할 수 없습니다. 또한 가비지 수집기는 창 핸들 또는 열린 파일 및 스트림과 같은 관리되지 않는 리소스에 대해 전혀 알지 않습니다.

Dispose 메서드를 사용하여 이 인터페이스에서 가비지 수집기와 함께 관리되지 않는 리소스를 명시적으로 해제합니다. 개체가 더 이상 필요하지 않은 경우 개체 소비자가 이 메서드를 호출할 수 있습니다.

IDisposable.Dispose 인스턴스가 소유한 리소스가 더 이상 필요하지 않은 경우 형식의 소비자가 구현을 호출하기 때문에 관리되는 개체 SafeHandle 를 래핑하거나(권장되는 대안) 소비자가 호출Object.Finalize을 잊어버린 경우 관리되지 않는 리소스를 해제하도록 재정 Dispose 의해야 합니다.

이 인터페이스와 Object.Finalize 메서드를 사용하는 방법에 대한 자세한 내용은 가비지 수집 및 Dispose 메서드 구현 항목을 참조하세요.

IDisposable을 구현하는 개체 사용

앱에서 인터페이스를 구현 IDisposable 하는 개체만 사용하는 경우 사용이 완료되면 개체의 IDisposable.Dispose 구현을 호출해야 합니다. 프로그래밍 언어에 따라 다음 두 가지 방법 중 하나로 이 작업을 수행할 수 있습니다.

• C# 및 Visual Basic의 using 문과 같은 언어 구문과 F#의 use 문 또는 using 함수를 사용합니다.
• IDisposable.Dispose 구현에 대한 호출을 try/finally 블록으로 래핑합니다.

C#, F#, Visual Basic Using 문

언어가 C#의 using 문, Visual Basic의 Using 문 또는 F#의 use 문과 같은 구문을 지원하는 경우 명시적으로 자신을 호출 IDisposable.Dispose 하는 대신 사용할 수 있습니다. 다음 예제에서는 파일에 대한 정보와 파일의 단어 수를 유지하는 클래스를 정의하는 WordCount 데 이 방법을 사용합니다.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

public class WordCount
{
    private String filename = String.Empty;
    private int nWords = 0;
    private String pattern = @"\b\w+\b";

    public WordCount(string filename)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(filename))
            throw new FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.");

        this.filename = filename;
        string txt = String.Empty;
        using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(filename))
        {
            txt = sr.ReadToEnd();
        }
        nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count;
    }

    public string FullName
    { get { return filename; } }

    public string Name
    { get { return Path.GetFileName(filename); } }

    public int Count
    { get { return nWords; } }
}

open System.IO
open System.Text.RegularExpressions

type WordCount(filename) =
    let txt = 
        if File.Exists filename |> not then
            raise (FileNotFoundException "The file does not exist.")

        use sr = new StreamReader(filename)
        sr.ReadToEnd()

    let pattern = @"\b\w+\b"
    
    let nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count

    member _.FullName = filename

    member _.Name = Path.GetFileName filename

    member _.Count = nWords

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Public Class WordCount
   Private filename As String
   Private nWords As Integer
   Private pattern As String = "\b\w+\b" 

   Public Sub New(filename As String)
      If Not File.Exists(filename) Then
         Throw New FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.")
      End If   
      
      Me.filename = filename
      Dim txt As String = String.Empty
      Using sr As New StreamReader(filename)
         txt = sr.ReadToEnd()
      End Using
      nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property FullName As String
      Get
         Return filename
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return Path.GetFileName(filename)
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer
      Get
         Return nWords
      End Get
   End Property
End Class

using 문(useF#의 식)은 실제로 구문 편의성입니다. 컴파일 시 언어 컴파일러는 블록에 대한 IL(중간 언어)을 try/finally 구현합니다.

문장 using에 대한 자세한 내용은 Using 문 또는 using 문 항목을 참조하세요.

Try/Finally 블록

프로그래밍 언어가 C# 또는 Visual Basic의 using 문이나 F#의 use 문과 같은 구문을 지원하지 않거나 사용하지 않으려는 경우, IDisposable.Disposefinallytry 문 블록에서 / 구현을 호출할 수 있습니다. 다음 예제에서는 이전 예제의 using 블록을 블록으로 try/finally 바꿉니다.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

public class WordCount2
{
    private String filename = String.Empty;
    private int nWords = 0;
    private String pattern = @"\b\w+\b";

    public WordCount2(string filename)
    {
        if (!File.Exists(filename))
            throw new FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.");

        this.filename = filename;
        string txt = String.Empty;
        StreamReader? sr = null;
        try
        {
            sr = new StreamReader(filename);
            txt = sr.ReadToEnd();
        }
        finally
        {
            if (sr != null) sr.Dispose();
        }
        nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count;
    }

    public string FullName
    { get { return filename; } }

    public string Name
    { get { return Path.GetFileName(filename); } }

    public int Count
    { get { return nWords; } }
}

open System.IO
open System.Text.RegularExpressions

type WordCount2(filename) =
    let txt = 
        if File.Exists filename |> not then
            raise (FileNotFoundException "The file does not exist.")

        let sr = new StreamReader(filename)
        try
            sr.ReadToEnd()
        finally
            sr.Dispose()

    let pattern = @"\b\w+\b"
    
    let nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count

    member _.FullName = filename

    member _.Name = Path.GetFileName filename

    member _.Count = nWords

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Text.RegularExpressions

Public Class WordCount2
   Private filename As String
   Private nWords As Integer
   Private pattern As String = "\b\w+\b" 

   Public Sub New(filename As String)
      If Not File.Exists(filename) Then
         Throw New FileNotFoundException("The file does not exist.")
      End If   
      
      Me.filename = filename
      Dim txt As String = String.Empty
      Dim sr As StreamReader = Nothing
      Try
         sr = New StreamReader(filename)
         txt = sr.ReadToEnd()
      Finally
         If sr IsNot Nothing Then sr.Dispose() 
      End Try
      nWords = Regex.Matches(txt, pattern).Count
   End Sub
   
   Public ReadOnly Property FullName As String
      Get
         Return filename
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Name As String
      Get
         Return Path.GetFileName(filename)
      End Get   
   End Property
   
   Public ReadOnly Property Count As Integer
      Get
         Return nWords
      End Get
   End Property
End Class

try / finally 패턴에 대한 자세한 내용은 Try...Catch...Finally 문, try-finally, try...finally 표현식 또는 try-finally 문을 참조하세요.

IDisposable 구현

형식이 비관리 리소스를 직접 사용하거나, 직접 삭제 가능한 리소스를 사용하려는 경우, IDisposable을 구현해야 합니다. 형식 소비자는 인스턴스가 더 이상 필요하지 않을 때 리소스를 해제하기 위해 IDisposable.Dispose 구현을 호출할 수 있습니다. Dispose을(를) 호출하지 못하는 경우를 처리하려면 관리되지 않는 리소스를 래핑하기 위해 SafeHandle에서 파생된 클래스를 사용하거나 참조 형식에 대해 Object.Finalize 메서드를 재정의해야 합니다. 두 경우 모두 관리되지 않는 리소스를 사용한 후 관리되지 않는 리소스를 해제, 해제 또는 재설정하는 등 필요한 정리를 수행하는 데 이 메서드를 사용합니다 Dispose . 구현에 IDisposable.Dispose대한 자세한 내용은 Dispose(bool) 메서드 오버로드를 참조하세요.

IDisposable 및 상속 계층 구조

삭제 가능해야 하는 서브클래스가 있는 기본 클래스는 다음과 같이 구현 IDisposable 해야 합니다. Visual Basic에서는 그렇지 않은 IDisposablesealed 형식에서 구현 NotInheritable 할 때마다 이 패턴을 사용해야 합니다.

• 하나의 공용, 비 가상 Dispose() 메서드 및 보호된 가상 Dispose(Boolean disposing) 메서드를 제공해야 합니다.
• 메서드는 Dispose()를 호출하고, 성능을 위해 종료 처리를 억제해야 합니다.
• 기본 형식에는 종료자가 포함되지 않아야 합니다.

다음 코드 조각은 기본 클래스에 대한 삭제 패턴을 반영합니다. 형식이 Object.Finalize 메서드를 재정의하지 않는다고 가정합니다.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class BaseClass1 : IDisposable
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    FileStream fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

    // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            fs.Dispose();
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        disposed = true;
    }
}

open System
open System.IO

type BaseClass1() =
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false

    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    let fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

    interface IDisposable with
        // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                fs.Dispose()
                // Free any other managed objects here.
            disposed <- true

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Class BaseClass1 : Implements IDisposable
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False
   ' Instantiate a FileStream instance.
   Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

   ' Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
   Public Sub Dispose() _
              Implements IDisposable.Dispose
      Dispose(disposing:=True)
      GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
   End Sub

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         fs.Dispose()
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      disposed = True
   End Sub
End Class

Object.Finalize 메서드를 재정의하는 경우, 클래스는 다음과 같은 패턴을 구현해야 합니다.

using System;

class BaseClass2 : IDisposable
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;

    // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
    public void Dispose()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: true);
        GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
    }

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        // Free any unmanaged objects here.
        //
        disposed = true;
    }

    ~BaseClass2()
    {
        Dispose(disposing: false);
    }
}

open System

type BaseClass2() =
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false

    interface IDisposable with
        // Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
        member this.Dispose() =
            this.Dispose true
            GC.SuppressFinalize this

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    abstract Dispose: bool -> unit
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                // Free any other managed objects here.
                ()

            // Free any unmanaged objects here.
            disposed <- true

    override this.Finalize() =
        this.Dispose false

Class BaseClass : Implements IDisposable
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False

   ' Public implementation of Dispose pattern callable by consumers.
   Public Sub Dispose() _
              Implements IDisposable.Dispose
      Dispose(disposing:=True)
      GC.SuppressFinalize(Me)
   End Sub

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overridable Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      ' Free any unmanaged objects here.
      '
      disposed = True
   End Sub

   Protected Overrides Sub Finalize()
      Dispose(disposing:=False)
   End Sub
End Class

서브클래스는 다음과 같이 삭제 가능한 패턴을 구현해야 합니다.

• Dispose(Boolean)을 재정의하고 기본 클래스 Dispose(Boolean) 구현을 호출해야 합니다.
• 필요한 경우 종료자를 제공할 수 있습니다. 종료자는 을 호출 Dispose(false)해야 합니다.

파생 클래스는 IDisposable 인터페이스를 자체적으로 구현하지 않으며 매개변수가 없는 Dispose 메서드를 포함하지 않습니다. 기본 클래스 Dispose(Boolean) 메서드만 재정의합니다.

다음 코드 조각은 파생 클래스에 대한 삭제 패턴을 반영합니다. 형식이 Object.Finalize 메서드를 재정의하지 않는다고 가정합니다.

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class MyDerivedClass : MyBaseClass
{
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    bool disposed = false;
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    FileStream fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate);

    // Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
    protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
    {
        if (disposed)
            return;

        if (disposing)
        {
            fs.Dispose();
            // Free any other managed objects here.
            //
        }

        // Free any unmanaged objects here.
        //

        disposed = true;
        // Call base class implementation.
        base.Dispose(disposing);
    }
}

open Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles
open System

type MyDerivedClass() =
    inherit MyBaseClass()
    
    // Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
    let mutable disposed = false
    // Instantiate a FileStream instance.
    let fs = new FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

    // Implementation of Dispose pattern.
    override _.Dispose(disposing) =
        if not disposed then
            if disposing then
                fs.Dispose()
                // Free any other managed objects here.

            // Free any unmanaged objects here.
            disposed <- true
            // Call base class implementation.
            base.Dispose disposing

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Class DerivedClass2 : Inherits BaseClass2
   ' Flag: Has Dispose already been called?
   Dim disposed As Boolean = False
   ' Instantiate a FileStream instance.
   Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream("test.txt", FileMode.OpenOrCreate)

   ' Protected implementation of Dispose pattern.
   Protected Overrides Sub Dispose(disposing As Boolean)
      If disposed Then Return

      If disposing Then
         fs.Dispose()
         ' Free any other managed objects here.
         '
      End If

      ' Free any unmanaged objects here.
      '
      disposed = True

      ' Call base class implementation.
      MyBase.Dispose(disposing)
   End Sub
End Class

추가 정보

• SafeFileHandle
• Dispose 메서드 구현