BadImageFormatException 类

定义

public ref class BadImageFormatException : Exception

public ref class BadImageFormatException : SystemException

public class BadImageFormatException : Exception

public class BadImageFormatException : SystemException

[System.Serializable]
public class BadImageFormatException : SystemException

[System.Serializable]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class BadImageFormatException : SystemException

type BadImageFormatException = class
    inherit Exception

type BadImageFormatException = class
    inherit SystemException

[<System.Serializable>]
type BadImageFormatException = class
    inherit SystemException

[<System.Serializable>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type BadImageFormatException = class
    inherit SystemException

Public Class BadImageFormatException
Inherits Exception

Public Class BadImageFormatException
Inherits SystemException

继承

Object

Exception

BadImageFormatException

继承

Object

Exception

SystemException

BadImageFormatException

属性

SerializableAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

注解

当动态链接库（.dll 文件）或可执行文件（.exe 文件）的文件格式不符合公共语言运行时所需的格式时，将引发此异常。 具体而言，异常在以下情况下引发：

• .NET实用工具的早期版本（如 ILDasm.exe 或 installutil.exe）与使用更高版本的 .NET 开发的程序集一起使用。

  若要解决此异常，请使用与用于开发程序集的 .NET 版本对应的工具版本。 这可能需要修改 Path 环境变量或提供正确可执行文件的完全限定路径。

• 尝试加载非托管动态链接库或可执行文件（例如Windows系统 DLL），就好像它是.NET程序集。 下面的示例通过使用方法加载 Kernel32.dll来演示这 Assembly.LoadFile 一点。

  // Windows DLL (non-.NET assembly)
  string filePath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables("%windir%");
  if (!filePath.Trim().EndsWith(@"\"))
     filePath += @"\";
  filePath += @"System32\Kernel32.dll";
  
  try {
     Assembly assem = Assembly.LoadFile(filePath);
  }
  catch (BadImageFormatException e) {
     Console.WriteLine("Unable to load {0}.", filePath);
     Console.WriteLine(e.Message.Substring(0,
                       e.Message.IndexOf(".") + 1));
  }
  // The example displays an error message like the following:
  //       Unable to load C:\WINDOWS\System32\Kernel32.dll.
  //       The module was expected to contain an assembly manifest.
  

  open System
  open System.Reflection
  
  // Windows DLL (non-.NET assembly)
  let filePath = 
      let filePath = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables "%windir%"
      let filePath =
          if not (filePath.Trim().EndsWith @"\") then
              filePath + @"\"
          else filePath
      filePath + @"System32\Kernel32.dll"
  
  try
      Assembly.LoadFile filePath |> ignore
  with :? BadImageFormatException as e ->
     printfn $"Unable to load {filePath}."
     printfn $"{e.Message[0 .. e.Message.IndexOf '.']}"
  
  // The example displays an error message like the following:
  //       Unable to load C:\WINDOWS\System32\Kernel32.dll.
  //       Bad IL format.
  

  ' Windows DLL (non-.NET assembly)
  Dim filePath As String = Environment.ExpandEnvironmentVariables("%windir%")
  If Not filePath.Trim().EndsWith("\") Then filepath += "\"
  filePath += "System32\Kernel32.dll"
  Try
     Dim assem As Assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(filePath)
  Catch e As BadImageFormatException
     Console.WriteLine("Unable to load {0}.", filePath)
     Console.WriteLine(e.Message.Substring(0, _
                       e.Message.IndexOf(".") + 1))   
  End Try
  ' The example displays an error message like the following:
  '       Unable to load C:\WINDOWS\System32\Kernel32.dll.
  '       The module was expected to contain an assembly manifest.
  

  若要解决此异常，请使用开发语言提供的功能（如 Visual Basic 中的 Declare 语句或 C# 和 F# 中具有 DllImportAttribute 关键字的 extern 属性）访问 DLL 中定义的方法。

• 尝试在仅反射上下文以外的上下文中加载引用程序集。 可通过以下两种方式之一解决此问题：

  • 可以加载实现程序集，而不是引用程序集。
  • 可以通过调用 Assembly.ReflectionOnlyLoad 该方法，在仅反射上下文中加载引用程序集。

• DLL 或可执行文件作为 64 位程序集加载，但它包含 32 位功能或资源。 例如，它依赖于 COM 互操作或调用 32 位动态链接库中的方法。

  若要解决此异常，请将项目的 Platform 目标 属性设置为 x86（而不是 x64 或 AnyCPU）并重新编译。

• 应用程序的组件是使用不同版本的.NET创建的。 通常，当使用 .NET Framework 2.0 SP1 或 .NET Framework 3.5 开发的应用程序尝试加载使用 .NET Framework 4 或更高版本开发的程序集时，会出现此异常。 BadImageFormatException可能会报告为编译时错误，或者在运行时引发异常。 以下示例定义一个 StringLib 类，该类具有单个成员， ToProperCase并且该类驻留在名为 StringLib.dll的程序集中。

  using System;
  
  public class StringLib
  {
     private string[] exceptionList = { "a", "an", "the", "in", "on", "of" };
     private char[] separators = { ' ' };
  
     public string ToProperCase(string title)
     {
        bool isException = false;	
  
        string[] words = title.Split( separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
        string[] newWords = new string[words.Length];
          
        for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= words.Length - 1; ctr++)
        {
           isException = false;
  
           foreach (string exception in exceptionList)
           {
              if (words[ctr].Equals(exception) && ctr > 0)
              {
                 isException = true;
                 break;
              }
           }
  
           if (!isException)
              newWords[ctr] = words[ctr].Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() + words[ctr].Substring(1);
           else
              newWords[ctr] = words[ctr];	
        }	
        return string.Join(" ", newWords); 			
     }
  }
  // Attempting to load the StringLib.dll assembly produces the following output:
  //    Unhandled Exception: System.BadImageFormatException:
  //                         The format of the file 'StringLib.dll' is invalid.
  

  open System
  
  module StringLib =
      let private exceptionList = [ "a"; "an"; "the"; "in"; "on"; "of" ]
      let private separators = [| ' ' |]
  
      [<CompiledName "ToProperCase">]
      let toProperCase (title: string) =
          title.Split(separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
          |> Array.mapi (fun i word ->
              if i <> 0 && List.contains word exceptionList then
                  word
              else 
                  word[0..0].ToUpper() + word[1..])
          |> String.concat " "
  
  // Attempting to load the StringLib.dll assembly produces the following output:
  //    Unhandled Exception: System.BadImageFormatException:
  //                         The format of the file 'StringLib.dll' is invalid.
  

  Public Module StringLib
     Private exceptionList() As String = { "a", "an", "the", "in", "on", "of" }
     Private separators() As Char = { " "c }
     
     Public Function ToProperCase(title As String) As String
        Dim isException As Boolean = False	
        
        Dim words() As String = title.Split( separators, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries)
        Dim newWords(words.Length) As String
          
        For ctr As Integer = 0 To words.Length - 1
           isException = False
  
           For Each exception As String In exceptionList
              If words(ctr).Equals(exception) And ctr > 0 Then
                 isException = True
                 Exit For
              End If
           Next
           If Not isException Then
              newWords(ctr) = words(ctr).Substring(0, 1).ToUpper() + words(ctr).Substring(1)
           Else
              newWords(ctr) = words(ctr)	 
           End If	 
        Next	
        Return String.Join(" ", newWords) 			
     End Function
  End Module
  

  以下示例使用反射加载名为 StringLib.dll的程序集。 如果使用 .NET Framework 1.1 编译器编译源代码，BadImageFormatException 方法将引发Assembly.LoadFrom。

  using System;
  using System.Reflection;
  
  public class Example
  {
     public static void Main()
     {
        string title = "a tale of two cities";
  //      object[] args = { title}
        // Load assembly containing StateInfo type.
        Assembly assem = Assembly.LoadFrom(@".\StringLib.dll");
        // Get type representing StateInfo class.
        Type stateInfoType = assem.GetType("StringLib");
        // Get Display method.
        MethodInfo mi = stateInfoType.GetMethod("ToProperCase");
        // Call the Display method.
        string properTitle = (string) mi.Invoke(null, new object[] { title } );
        Console.WriteLine(properTitle);
     }
  }
  

  open System.Reflection
  
  let title = "a tale of two cities"
        
  // Load assembly containing StateInfo type.
  let assem = Assembly.LoadFrom @".\StringLib.dll"
  
  // Get type representing StateInfo class.
  let stateInfoType = assem.GetType "StringLib"
  
  // Get Display method.
  let mi = stateInfoType.GetMethod "ToProperCase"
  
  // Call the Display method.
  let properTitle = 
     mi.Invoke(null, [| box title |]) :?> string
  
  printfn $"{properTitle}"
  

  Imports System.Reflection
  
  Module Example
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim title As String = "a tale of two cities"
        ' Load assembly containing StateInfo type.
        Dim assem As Assembly = Assembly.LoadFrom(".\StringLib.dll")
        ' Get type representing StateInfo class.
        Dim stateInfoType As Type = assem.GetType("StringLib")
        ' Get Display method.
        Dim mi As MethodInfo = stateInfoType.GetMethod("ToProperCase")
        ' Call the Display method. 
        Dim properTitle As String = CStr(mi.Invoke(Nothing, New Object() { title } ))
        Console.WriteLine(properTitle)
     End Sub
  End Module
  ' Attempting to load the StringLib.dll assembly produces the following output:
  '    Unhandled Exception: System.BadImageFormatException: 
  '                         The format of the file 'StringLib.dll' is invalid.
  

  若要解决此异常，请确保执行代码并引发异常的程序集以及要加载的程序集，这两个目标兼容版本的 .NET。

• 应用程序组件面向不同的平台。 例如，你尝试在 x86 应用程序中加载 ARM 程序集。 可以使用以下命令行实用工具来确定单个.NET程序集的目标平台。 文件列表应作为以空格分隔的列表的形式在命令行中提供。

  using System;
  using System.IO;
  using System.Reflection;
  
  public class Example
  {
     public static void Main()
     {
        String[] args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
        if (args.Length == 1) {
           Console.WriteLine("\nSyntax:   PlatformInfo <filename>\n");
           return;
        }
        Console.WriteLine();
  
        // Loop through files and display information about their platform.
        for (int ctr = 1; ctr < args.Length; ctr++) {
           string fn = args[ctr];
           if (!File.Exists(fn)) {
              Console.WriteLine("File: {0}", fn);
              Console.WriteLine("The file does not exist.\n");
           }
           else {
              try {
                 AssemblyName an = AssemblyName.GetAssemblyName(fn);
                 Console.WriteLine("Assembly: {0}", an.Name);
                 if (an.ProcessorArchitecture == ProcessorArchitecture.MSIL)
                    Console.WriteLine("Architecture: AnyCPU");
                 else
                    Console.WriteLine("Architecture: {0}", an.ProcessorArchitecture);
  
                 Console.WriteLine();
              }
              catch (BadImageFormatException) {
                 Console.WriteLine("File: {0}", fn);
                 Console.WriteLine("Not a valid assembly.\n");
              }
           }
        }
     }
  }
  

  open System
  open System.IO
  open System.Reflection
  
  let args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()
  
  if args.Length = 1 then
      printfn "\nSyntax:   PlatformInfo <filename>\n"
  else
      printfn ""
      // Loop through files and display information about their platform.
      for i = 1 to args.Length - 1 do
          let fn = args[i]
          if not (File.Exists fn) then
              printfn $"File: {fn}"
              printfn "The file does not exist.\n"
          else
              try
                  let an = AssemblyName.GetAssemblyName fn
                  printfn $"Assembly: {an.Name}"
                  if an.ProcessorArchitecture = ProcessorArchitecture.MSIL then
                      printfn "Architecture: AnyCPU"
                  else
                      printfn $"Architecture: {an.ProcessorArchitecture}"
                  printfn ""
  
              with :? BadImageFormatException ->
                  printfn $"File: {fn}"
                  printfn "Not a valid assembly.\n"
  

  Imports System.IO
  Imports System.Reflection
  
  Module Example
     Public Sub Main()
        Dim args() As String = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()
        If args.Length = 1 Then
           Console.WriteLine()
           Console.WriteLine("Syntax:   PlatformInfo <filename> ")
           Console.WriteLine()
           Exit Sub
        End If
        Console.WriteLine()
        
        ' Loop through files and display information about their platform.
        For ctr As Integer = 1 To args.Length - 1
           Dim fn As String = args(ctr)
           If Not File.Exists(fn) Then
              Console.WriteLine("File: {0}", fn)
              Console.WriteLine("The file does not exist.")
              Console.WriteLine()
           Else
              Try
                 Dim an As AssemblyName = AssemblyName.GetAssemblyName(fn)
                 Console.WriteLine("Assembly: {0}", an.Name)
                 If an.ProcessorArchitecture = ProcessorArchitecture.MSIL Then
                    Console.WriteLine("Architecture: AnyCPU")
                 Else
                    Console.WriteLine("Architecture: {0}", an.ProcessorArchitecture)
                 End If
              Catch e As BadImageFormatException
                 Console.WriteLine("File: {0}", fn)
                 Console.WriteLine("Not a valid assembly.\n")
              End Try
              Console.WriteLine()
           End If
        Next
     End Sub
  End Module
  

• 反映 C++ 可执行文件可能会引发此异常。 这很可能是由 C++ 编译器去除重定位地址或重定位地址引起的。从可执行文件重新定位部分。 若要在 C++ 可执行文件中保留 .relocation 地址，请在链接时指定 /fixed：no。

BadImageFormatException 使用具有值0x8007000B的 HRESULT COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT。

有关实例 BadImageFormatException的初始属性值列表，请参阅 BadImageFormatException 构造函数。

另请参阅

• Exception
• 处理和引发异常