Dear Maddy E
Thanks for using Microsoft products and posting in the Community.
For the situation you described, when your mailbox shows the 550 5.7.520 error, generally speaking, you have sent the screenshot several times, which may be mistaken by Microsoft that your mailbox has been flagged by Microsoft because of sending the screenshot several times, and that is why this error message appears.
Can you do this test: if your screenshot is sent as an attachment, you can compress the file into .rar or .zip format, and then add it as an attachment to send it, and see if there is still an error message?
If your screenshot is sent as an image in the body, you can set the image as an attachment, or a PDF file. Then send it to test whether it is normal.
Looking forward to your reply.
Best wishes
Clark | Microsoft Community Support Specialist