从你的应用中共享内容 - 集成 Windows 共享功能

Windows共享表是一个系统提供的 UI，允许用户将内容从应用发送到其他Windows应用。 本指南介绍如何跨打包的应用（MSIX）、渐进式Web 应用（PWA）和未打包的 Win32 应用实现共享协定。

在本文中

选择共享方法

为 UWP 应用实现共享

1. 获取 DataTransferManager

在页面初始化时，获取对 DataTransferManager 的引用：

using Windows.ApplicationModel.DataTransfer;

public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
{
    public MainPage()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();

        DataTransferManager dtm = DataTransferManager.GetForCurrentView();
        dtm.DataRequested += OnDataRequested;
    }
}

2. 填充 DataPackage

当用户启动共享（例如，单击“共享”按钮）时，请使用内容和元数据创建一个 DataPackage ：

private void OnDataRequested(DataTransferManager sender, DataRequestedEventArgs args)
{
    DataRequest request = args.Request;
    DataPackage data = request.Data;

    // Set a title (required)
    data.Properties.Title = "My shared content";

    // Set content - choose one or more:
    data.SetText("Here's some text to share");

    // For URLs, use SetWebLink to enable rich link previews:
    // data.SetWebLink(new Uri("https://example.com"));

    // For files or images:
    // IStorageItem item = await StorageFile.GetFileFromPathAsync(filePath);
    // data.SetStorageItems(new[] { item });

    // Optional: add description and thumbnail
    data.Properties.Description = "A brief description";
    // data.Properties.Thumbnail = /* RandomAccessStreamReference */;
}

3.显示共享 UI

通过点击按钮或执行菜单命令来触发共享表单：

private void ShareButton_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
    // ShowShareUI is a static method on DataTransferManager.
    // The DataRequested handler was registered in step 1.
    DataTransferManager.ShowShareUI();
}

为渐进式 Web 应用（PWA）实现分享功能

PWA 使用 W3C Web 共享 API。 确保 PWA 具有与Windows集成的所需清单属性：

{
  "name": "My PWA",
  "short_name": "MyPWA",
  "share_target": {
    "action": "/share",
    "method": "POST",
    "enctype": "multipart/form-data",
    "params": {
      "files": [
        {
          "name": "media",
          "accept": ["image/*"]
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

在 PWA JavaScript 中，使用 Web 共享 API：

async function shareContent() {
  if (navigator.share) {
    try {
      await navigator.share({
        title: 'Check this out',
        text: 'Great content',
        url: 'https://example.com/page'
      });
    } catch (err) {
      if (err.name !== 'AbortError') {
        console.error('Share failed:', err);
      }
    }
  }
}

实现桌面应用的共享（WinUI 3、WPF、WinForms）

桌面应用（无论是打包的还是未打包的）都使用 IDataTransferManagerInterop 接口按窗口访问共享面板。 这适用于 WinUI 3、WPF 和 WinForms 应用。

1. 声明互操作接口并获取 DataTransferManager

using Windows.ApplicationModel.DataTransfer;

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComImport]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.Guid("3A3DCD6C-3EAB-43DC-BCDE-45671CE800C8")]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.InterfaceType(
    System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComInterfaceType.InterfaceIsIUnknown)]
interface IDataTransferManagerInterop
{
    IntPtr GetForWindow([System.Runtime.InteropServices.In] IntPtr appWindow,
        [System.Runtime.InteropServices.In] ref Guid riid);
    void ShowShareUIForWindow(IntPtr appWindow);
}

public sealed partial class MainWindow // WinUI 3 Window, WPF Window, or WinForms Form
{
    // IID of DataTransferManager, passed as the riid to GetForWindow:
    static readonly Guid _dtm_iid =
        new Guid(0xa5caee9b, 0x8708, 0x49d1, 0x8d, 0x36, 0x67, 0xd2, 0x5a, 0x8d, 0xa0, 0x0c);

    private DataTransferManager _dtm;

    // Call this from your window or form constructor (or load handler):
    private void InitializeShare()
    {
        // Retrieve the window handle (HWND) for the current window:
        //   WinUI 3:  IntPtr hWnd = WinRT.Interop.WindowNative.GetWindowHandle(this);
        //   WPF:      IntPtr hWnd = new System.Windows.Interop.WindowInteropHelper(this).Handle;
        //   WinForms: IntPtr hWnd = this.Handle;
        IntPtr hWnd = WinRT.Interop.WindowNative.GetWindowHandle(this);

        IDataTransferManagerInterop interop =
            DataTransferManager.As<IDataTransferManagerInterop>();
        _dtm = WinRT.MarshalInterface<DataTransferManager>.FromAbi(
            interop.GetForWindow(hWnd, _dtm_iid));

        _dtm.DataRequested += (sender, args) => OnDataRequested(args);
    }
}

2. 填入并显示

private void OnDataRequested(DataRequestedEventArgs args)
{
    DataRequest request = args.Request;
    DataPackage data = request.Data;

    data.Properties.Title = "Share from my desktop app";
    data.SetText("Shared content");

    // For URLs:
    // data.SetWebLink(new Uri("https://example.com"));

    // For files:
    // var item = await StorageFile.GetFileFromPathAsync(filePath);
    // data.SetStorageItems(new[] { item });
}

// In your Share button handler:
private void ShareButton_Click()
{
    var hWnd = WinRT.Interop.WindowNative.GetWindowHandle(this);
    var interop = DataTransferManager.As<IDataTransferManagerInterop>();
    interop.ShowShareUIForWindow(hWnd);
}

有关完整示例，请参阅WPF共享源示例。

源端事件

在源应用中使用这些事件观察用户打开“共享”后发生的情况。

private void RegisterShareEvents()
{
  var dtm = DataTransferManager.GetForCurrentView();
  dtm.DataRequested += OnDataRequested;
  dtm.TargetApplicationChosen += OnTargetChosen;
}

private void OnDataRequested(DataTransferManager sender, DataRequestedEventArgs args)
{
  DataRequest request = args.Request;
  request.Data.Properties.Title = "Share from my app";
  request.Data.SetText("Hello from Windows Share");

  request.Data.ShareCompleted += OnShareCompleted;
  request.Data.ShareCanceled += OnShareCanceled;
}

private void OnTargetChosen(DataTransferManager sender, TargetApplicationChosenEventArgs args)
{
  // Optional: telemetry only
  Debug.WriteLine($"Target app: {args.ApplicationName}");
}

private void OnShareCompleted(DataPackage sender, ShareCompletedEventArgs args)
{
  Debug.WriteLine("Share completed");
}

private void OnShareCanceled(DataPackage sender, object args)
{
  Debug.WriteLine("Share canceled");
}

共享最佳做法

使用此清单可预测源端行为。

相关内容

• 通过Windows共享接收内容
• DataFormat 和 FileType 参考
• Windows 上的 People（跨设备 People API）
• DataTransferManager 类
• DataPackage 类
• W3C Web 共享 API
• IDataTransferManagerInterop （COM 接口）