CryptoStream Klass

Definition

public ref class CryptoStream : System::IO::Stream

public class CryptoStream : System.IO.Stream

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class CryptoStream : System.IO.Stream

type CryptoStream = class
    inherit Stream
    interface IDisposable

[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type CryptoStream = class
    inherit Stream
    interface IDisposable

Public Class CryptoStream
Inherits Stream

Arv

Object

Stream

CryptoStream

Arv

Object

MarshalByRefObject

Stream

CryptoStream

Attribut

ComVisibleAttribute

Implementeringar

IDisposable

Exempel

I följande exempel visas hur du använder en CryptoStream för att kryptera en sträng. Den här metoden använder Aes klassen med den angivna Key vektorn och initieringsvektorn (IV).

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

class AesExample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        try
        {
            string original = "Here is some data to encrypt!";

            // Create a new instance of the Aes class.
            // This generates a new key and initialization vector (IV).
            using (Aes myAes = Aes.Create())
            {
                // Encrypt the string to an array of bytes.
                byte[] encrypted = EncryptStringToBytes(original, myAes.Key, myAes.IV);

                // Decrypt the bytes to a string.
                string roundtrip = DecryptStringFromBytes(encrypted, myAes.Key, myAes.IV);

                // Display the original data and the decrypted data.
                Console.WriteLine("Original:   {0}", original);
                Console.WriteLine("Round trip: {0}", roundtrip);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message);
        }
    }

    static byte[] EncryptStringToBytes(string plainText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
    {
        // Check arguments.
        if (plainText == null || plainText.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
        if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
        if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));
        byte[] encrypted;

        // Create a Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
        {
            aesAlg.Key = Key;
            aesAlg.IV = IV;

            // Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform.
            ICryptoTransform encryptor = aesAlg.CreateEncryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

            // Create the streams used for encryption.
            using (MemoryStream msEncrypt = new())
            {
                using (CryptoStream csEncrypt = new(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    using (StreamWriter swEncrypt = new(csEncrypt))
                    {
                        // Write all data to the stream.
                        swEncrypt.Write(plainText);
                    }
                    encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray();
                }
            }
        }

        // Return the encrypted bytes from the memory stream.
        return encrypted;
    }

    static string DecryptStringFromBytes(byte[] cipherText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
    {
        // Check arguments.
        if (cipherText == null || cipherText.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(cipherText));
        if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
        if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));

        // Declare the string used to hold the decrypted text.
        string plaintext = null;

        // Create a Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
        {
            aesAlg.Key = Key;
            aesAlg.IV = IV;

            // Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform.
            ICryptoTransform decryptor = aesAlg.CreateDecryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

            // Create the streams used for decryption.
            using (MemoryStream msDecrypt = new(cipherText))
            {
                using (CryptoStream csDecrypt = new(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
                {
                    using (StreamReader srDecrypt = new(csDecrypt))
                    {

                        // Read the decrypted bytes from the decrypting stream
                        // and place them in a string.
                        plaintext = srDecrypt.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return plaintext;
    }
}

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Security.Cryptography

Class AesExample

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Try
            Dim original As String = "Here is some data to encrypt!"

            ' Create a new instance of the Aes class.
            ' This generates a new key and initialization vector (IV).
            Using myAes = Aes.Create()

                ' Encrypt the string to an array of bytes.
                Dim encrypted As Byte() = EncryptStringToBytes(original, myAes.Key, myAes.IV)

                ' Decrypt the bytes to a string.
                Dim roundtrip As String = DecryptStringFromBytes(encrypted, myAes.Key, myAes.IV)

                'Display the original data and the decrypted data.
                Console.WriteLine("Original:   {0}", original)
                Console.WriteLine("Round Trip: {0}", roundtrip)
            End Using
        Catch e As Exception
            Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Shared Function EncryptStringToBytes(ByVal plainText As String, ByVal Key() As Byte, ByVal IV() As Byte) As Byte()
        ' Check arguments.
        If plainText Is Nothing OrElse plainText.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(plainText))
        End If
        If Key Is Nothing OrElse Key.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(Key))
        End If
        If IV Is Nothing OrElse IV.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(IV))
        End If
        Dim encrypted() As Byte

        ' Create an Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        Using aesAlg = Aes.Create()

            aesAlg.Key = Key
            aesAlg.IV = IV

            ' Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform.
            Dim encryptor As ICryptoTransform = aesAlg.CreateEncryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV)
            ' Create the streams used for encryption.
            Using msEncrypt As New MemoryStream()
                Using csEncrypt As New CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)
                    Using swEncrypt As New StreamWriter(csEncrypt)

                        ' Write all data to the stream.
                        swEncrypt.Write(plainText)
                    End Using
                    encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray()
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using

        ' Return the encrypted bytes from the memory stream.
        Return encrypted

    End Function 'EncryptStringToBytes

    Shared Function DecryptStringFromBytes(
        ByVal cipherText() As Byte,
        ByVal Key() As Byte,
        ByVal IV() As Byte) As String
        ' Check arguments.
        If cipherText Is Nothing OrElse cipherText.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(cipherText))
        End If
        If Key Is Nothing OrElse Key.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(Key))
        End If
        If IV Is Nothing OrElse IV.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(IV))
        End If

        ' Declare the string used to hold the decrypted text.
        Dim plaintext As String = Nothing

        ' Create an Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        Using aesAlg = Aes.Create()
            aesAlg.Key = Key
            aesAlg.IV = IV

            ' Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform.
            Dim decryptor As ICryptoTransform = aesAlg.CreateDecryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV)

            ' Create the streams used for decryption.
            Using msDecrypt As New MemoryStream(cipherText)
                Using csDecrypt As New CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read)
                    Using srDecrypt As New StreamReader(csDecrypt)
                        ' Read the decrypted bytes from the decrypting stream
                        ' and place them in a string.
                        plaintext = srDecrypt.ReadToEnd()
                    End Using
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using

        Return plaintext

    End Function 'DecryptStringFromBytes 
End Class

Kommentarer

Den vanliga språkkörningen använder en strömorienterad design för kryptografi. Kärnan i den här designen är CryptoStream. Alla kryptografiska objekt som implementeras CryptoStream kan länkas samman med alla objekt som implementerar Stream, så att strömmade utdata från ett objekt kan matas in i indata från ett annat objekt. Det mellanliggande resultatet (utdata från det första objektet) behöver inte lagras separat.

Du bör alltid uttryckligen stänga objektet CryptoStream när du har använt det genom att anropa Clear metoden. Detta rensar den underliggande dataströmmen och gör att alla återstående datablock bearbetas av CryptoStream objektet. Men om ett undantag inträffar innan du anropar Close metoden kanske objektet CryptoStream inte stängs. För att säkerställa att Close metoden alltid anropas placerar du anropet Clear till metoden i blocket för finally en try/catch -instruktion.

Den här typen implementerar IDisposable gränssnittet. När du har använt typen bör du ta bort den direkt eller indirekt genom att anropa dess Clear metod, vilket i sin tur anropar dess IDisposable implementering. Om du vill ta bort typen direkt anropar du dess Clear metod i ett try/catch block. Om du vill ta bort det indirekt använder du en språkkonstruktion som using (i C#) eller Using (i Visual Basic).

Se även

• Kryptografiska tjänster
• Del- och nollbyteläsningar i DeflateStream, GZipStream och CryptoStream